Conflict & Resolution

Conflict & Resolution addresses the dynamics of conflict—from root causes and escalation to the mechanisms that bring about resolution and recovery. It highlights field experiences, peace agreements, and the complex interplay between security, governance, and humanitarian concerns. This section brings together practitioners and scholars to reflect on lessons learned and to advance realistic approaches to ending violence and sustaining peace.

Venezuela After the Raid

Stabilisation, Legitimacy, and the Mediation Challenge Executive Summary In the early hours of 3 January 2026, the United States carried out a military operation inside Venezuela that, by U.S. account and widespread reporting, resulted in the detention and removal of President Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, from Venezuelan territory. Washington framed the action in the language of law enforcement tied to longstanding criminal charges, while also describing an inte